The holiday season and year-round celebrations can sometimes lead to excess alcohol consumption, increasing the risk of alcohol poisoning—a severe and potentially life-threatening condition. Knowing what to do (and not do) in the event of alcohol poisoning can make the difference between life and death.
The South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) reports that half of South African teens consume alcohol—a concerning statistic.
Understanding Alcohol Poisoning
Alcohol poisoning happens when you drink a dangerous amount of alcohol, often within a short timeframe. Consuming more alcohol than the body can process interferes with vital functions, impacting heart rate, breathing, body temperature, and the gag reflex. In severe cases, it may lead to coma, lasting brain damage, or can even be fatal.
Signs of Alcohol Poisoning
Alcohol poisoning is a severe condition which is marked by the following symptoms:
- Seizures: Low blood sugar can lead to seizures.
- Cold Skin/Hypothermia: Alcohol affects body temperature, making the skin look pale or bluish.
- Disorientation: The person may appear dizzy and unable to communicate clearly.
- Vomiting: A natural response to expel toxins, but excessive vomiting can lead to dehydration and choking.
- Slow or Irregular Breathing: Watch for breathing rates below eight breaths per minute or pauses longer than 10 seconds.
- Loss of Consciousness: An unresponsive person may face severe, life-threatening complications.
The Do’s of Helping Someone with Alcohol Poisoning
If you suspect someone has alcohol poisoning, it’s crucial to act quickly and responsibly. Here are the steps you should follow:
Call Emergency Services
Your first and most critical action is to call emergency services. Medical professionals are equipped to handle alcohol poisoning and provide potentially life-saving treatment.
Keep the Person Awake
If the person is conscious, encourage them to sit up rather than lie down. Sitting upright reduces the risk of choking if they vomit. If they cannot sit up, place them in a recovery position: lay them on their side with their head turned to one side to prevent aspiration of vomit.
Monitor Their Breathing and Heart Rate
Pay close attention to their breathing rate and heart rate. If you notice that their breathing slows down or stops, perform basic life support measures (such as CPR) if you’re trained.
Keep Them Warm
Alcohol poisoning can cause hypothermia. Cover the victim with a blanket and stay with them to monitor consciousness and breathing until help arrives.
The Don’ts of Helping Someone
Even with the best intentions, specific actions can worsen the situation for someone with alcohol poisoning. Avoid these actions:
- Don’t wait for symptoms to improve.
- Avoid giving coffee.
- Don’t encourage vomiting.
- Don’t offer more alcohol.
- Keep them off their back.
Long-Term Risks of Alcohol Poisoning
Surviving an episode of alcohol poisoning doesn’t mean the person is out of danger. Repeated alcohol poisoning episodes or binge drinking can lead to severe long-term health consequences, such as:
- Brain Damage: Alcohol can impair brain function, causing issues with memory, coordination, and judgment. Chronic heavy drinking increases the risk of permanent brain damage.
- Organ Damage: The liver, which processes alcohol, can sustain significant damage from alcohol poisoning, increasing the risk of liver disease and cirrhosis.
- Mental Health Issues: Depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues are common among people with chronic alcohol abuse. Experiencing alcohol poisoning may also be psychologically distressing, requiring counselling or support.
Preventing Alcohol Poisoning: Tips for Safe Drinking
While the immediate response to alcohol poisoning is essential, prevention is the best way to avoid it. Here are some tips for responsible drinking:
- Know Your Limits: Understand your tolerance and set a limit before you start drinking.
- Avoid Drinking Without Eating: Eating a balanced meal before drinking helps slow down alcohol absorption.
- Stay Hydrated: Alcohol dehydrates the body, so alternate alcoholic beverages with water to stay hydrated.
- Don’t Mix Alcohol with Other Substances: Combining prescription meds with alcohol or recreational drugs can lead to unpredictable and potentially harmful effects on the body.
- Monitor Your Group: When drinking with friends, keep an eye on one another. Ensure everyone drinks responsibly, and step in if you spot any signs of intoxication.
Alcohol poisoning is preventable, and quick action can save lives, and prioritising caution and seeking help is essential.
