Fasting can impact oral hygiene in multiple ways. In the short term, abstaining from food and drink can reduce saliva production, which is essential for naturally cleansing the mouth. Lower saliva levels can lead to bad breath, dry mouth, and an increased risk of plaque buildup. Without regular saliva, bacteria have more opportunity to thrive, potentially causing discomfort or irritation.
In the long term, however, studies suggest that fasting may have beneficial effects on oral health. It can help reduce gum inflammation, support healthier gums, and even lower the risk of certain oral diseases. Essentially, while fasting may temporarily create challenges for oral hygiene, adopting the right care routine during this period can help maintain a healthy mouth and may even enhance gum health over time.
Fasting and Bad Breath
One of the most common concerns during fasting is bad breath (halitosis). Studies confirm that fasting increases volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in the breath, leading to an unpleasant odour. Saliva washes away bacteria and food particles, and when fasting, the reduced saliva flow allows odour-causing bacteria to thrive. Ketosis occurs when fasting for long periods, releasing ketones, causing a distinctive breath odour.
Fasting limits water intake, preventing the natural rinsing of dead cells, plaque, and debris, which can contribute to bad breath. According to South African dental professionals, it is one of the top 10 causes of bad breath.
Bad Breath and Mental Health
Bad breath isn’t just a physical or grooming issue; it can affect self-confidence and mental well-being. If you are fasting, taking care of your mouth health can also help you take care of your mental health.
According to counselling psychologist Mohammed Uzair Bhamjee:
“Bad breath can have a significant impact on a person’s mental health and confidence, mainly in social and professional settings. When people are aware of their bad breath, they often become self-conscious and may withdraw from conversations or interactions. This may lead to feelings of anxiety, self-doubt, and even isolation, as they constantly worry about how others perceive them.”
Saliva: Your Body’s Natural Mouthwash
Saliva is your body’s natural ‘mouthwash’, neutralising acid, washing away bacteria, and preventing plaque buildup. It also contains antibacterial agents that help control bad breath and decay-causing bacteria. Fasting naturally reduces saliva flow, making the mouth drier.
A drier mouth allows bacteria to thrive, increasing the risk of bad breath, plaque buildup, and gum disease. Without sufficient saliva, food particles, plaque, and dead cells aren’t rinsed away as effectively, leading to bad breath and a higher risk of cavities.
Fasting and Gum Health?
Although reduced saliva flow can increase the risk of gum disease, some recent studies suggest that it may also have long-term benefits for gum health. A 2021 study published in Periodontology 2000 found that calorie restriction and intermittent fasting reduced inflammation in the gums, lowering the risk of periodontal disease.
It lowers sugar intake, which may reduce the risk of cavities and plaque formation. While it may improve gum health over time, it’s essential to maintain good oral hygiene to prevent plaque buildup and short-term gum issues.
Expert Advice: Maintain a Good Oral Hygiene Routine While Fasting
- Brush your teeth twice daily, before suhoor (pre-dawn meal) and after iftar (breaking the fast)
- Use a tongue cleaner to remove bacterial buildup
- Clean in between daily with floss
- Rinse with an alcohol-free mouthwash after meals to help reduce bacteria and freshen breath without drying out the mouth
- Drink 8-10 cups of water to support saliva production
- Avoid coffee, alcohol, or sugary drinks that dry out the mouth
- Avoid ‘smelly’ foods like onions and garlic when breaking the fast
- Limit caffeine and sugary drinks, as they can cause dehydration and increase bacterial growth in the mouth
- Avoid Smoking – Smoking makes your breath smell unpleasant and increases the risk of gum disease
While it can reduce gum inflammation, it also increases the risk of bad breath and dry mouth due to reduced saliva flow. By staying hydrated, maintaining excellent oral hygiene, and using the right products, you can protect your teeth and gums for fresh breath and a healthy smile while fasting.
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